湿法处理铜合金屑工艺过程的物理化学探讨

本文着重讨论了化学—机械法处理普通黄铜屑,制备纯铜粉末工艺的关键部分—酸浸过程的物理化学问题,解释了"镀铜"现象.热力学分析指出,本工艺适合于处理各种铜合金尾料,尤其适合于黄铜类铜合金尾料.     

沙田柚果园土壤铜素的含量及其剖面分布特征研究

对广西沙田柚主产区果园21个0-30cm表层土壤样品和12个土壤剖面的36个土壤样品进行了有效铜及全铜含量测试分析。结果表明,沙田柚果园的表层土壤有效铜含量范围是0.18~23.93m g/kg,平均值为3.33m g/kg,高过广西耕地土壤有效铜的平均含量及柑桔园土壤有效铜的适量范围;土壤全铜含量在5.71~71.35m g/kg之间,平均值为29.36m g/kg;果园表层土壤有效铜含量主要受土壤pH和有机质含量影响;在土壤剖面中,土壤有效铜及全铜含量随土壤剖面层次的加深而减少。     

新疆伊犁州农用土壤中Cu和Zn的含量分布

调查研究了新疆伊犁州土壤中Cu 和Zn 的含量水平,为该地区绿色食品和有机食品的基地建设提供指导。在新疆伊犁州8县采集了600 个农用表层土壤样品,应用AAS 分析测定了土壤样品中Cu 和Zn 含量。结果表明,采集的伊犁州农用土壤中Cu 和Zn 的平均含量分别为28.68、83.17 mg·kg^-1,范围值分别为11.07~59.90、39.58~160.40 mg·kg^-1,其中Cu 约有85%的数据分布在20~40 mg·kg^-1之间;Zn有90%分布在60~110 mg·kg^-1之间。另外,8 县中特克斯县土壤中的Cu 含量普遍较其他县高;而Zn 在8 县的差异不大。所有检测的土样样品中Cu和Zn 的含量均没有超过国家土壤环境质量标准中二级标准(GB 15618-1995),但是Cu 和Zn 含量均值比伊犁州背景值分别增高了7%和21%。此外,伊犁州土壤中Cu 和Zn 的含量水平均符合我国有机产品标准(GB/T19630-2011)和绿色食品产地环境质量标准(NY/T 391-2013)对产地环境的要求。     

盐胁迫对坪山柚、福橘幼苗叶片蛋白质合成的影响

以坪山柚和福橘幼苗为材料,研究不同浓度NaC l胁迫8 d后叶片中可溶性蛋白质的变化.结果表明,盐胁迫下,坪山柚和福橘幼苗叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量增加并随NaC l浓度的增高而增至较高水平.相同浓度NaC l胁迫下,坪山柚叶片可溶性蛋白质含量增加幅度比福橘大,因此,可能是蛋白质的增加幅度而不是其绝对含量对坪山柚的耐盐性起作用.十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)图谱分析显示,盐胁迫后,分子质量为80、67、54、32、28、18、17和16 ku蛋白质不受影响而稳定表达.福橘叶片中80、67、32、28、21、18、17、16和15 ku蛋白质为稳定表达的蛋白质.当NaC l浓度≥40 mmol.L-1时,诱导坪山柚叶片新产生35和24 ku 2种蛋白质;当NaC l浓度≥80 mmol.L-1时,诱导福橘叶片新产生72、43和24 ku 3种蛋白质,且它们的活性均随盐胁迫强度的增大而增强.     

咔唑分光光度法测定猪硫酸软骨素含量

[目的]建立咔唑分光光度法测定猪硫酸软骨素含量的方法。[方法]利用咔唑分光光度法,在浓硫酸介质中,将猪硫酸软骨素的标准品和样品溶液经咔唑显色反应,在λ为518 nm处分别测定其吸光度A,按标准曲线法计算含量。[结果]猪硫酸软骨素质量浓度在0~0.25 g/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9998(n=7),加样回收率为99.48%,RSD为0.73。[结论]该测定方法简单、快速,结果准确,可用作猪硫酸软骨素含量的测定方法。     

Effects of exogenous equine somatotropin on mineral balance in two-year-old horses in race training

This study examined the effects of exogenous equinesomatotropin (eST — Equigen) administration on mineral absorption and retention in two-year-old horses in race training. Sixteen Quarter Horse geldings were paired by age (ave.age=794 d), and one horse from each pair was assigned at random to either the eST treatment group or the control. The experiment was conducted over 112 days during which the horses were gentled to ride and trained on a dirt track in a regimen typical for race horses in training. At 28-day intervals, collections of total fecal and urinary output were made to determine effects on Ca, inorganic P, Mg, Cu and Zn mineral balance.Due to marginal and slightly deficient amounts (P<01)of Ca, P, Mg and Zn intake by days 84 and 112, a result of reduced feed intake to maintain a constant body condition in the presence of a decreased workload, mineral balance for the aforementioned minerals was only examined through day 56. In contrast to the previous minerals, Cu intake appeared adequate. Ca, P, Mg, Cu and Zn intake did not differ (P>.05) by treatment. The eST-treated horses increased (P<.05) Ca retention as a percent of Ca absorbed, had greater (P<.05) overall apparent efficiency of P absorption and greater (P<.05) apparent retention of P on day 56 than the control horses. The eST-treated horses had greater (P<.05) apparent Cu absorption on day 56, greater (P<.05) apparent Cu absorption efficiency on days 56 and 84, and there was a trend (P<.1) for the eST-treated horses to retain more Cu on day 56 than the control horses. Finally, the eST-treated horses retained a greater percent (P<.1) of absorbed Zn on day 56.     

铜、铬营养及其互作对产蛋鸡脂类代谢的调节作用

按2×3因子安排的完全随机设计,选取96只24周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为6组,铜添加0和150mg/kg,铬添加0,600μg/kg,1000μg/kg。试验8周后测定肝脏、血清中总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)的含量,并分析对肝脏谷胱甘肽(GSH)和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、血清卵磷脂酰基转移酶(LCAT)和胰岛素(Ins)的影响。结果表明,添加150mg/kg铜能够提高产蛋率5.8%(P=0.048),显著降低肝脏、血清TG、TC水平。补充高铜显著提高GSH产量(P<0.01),增强Cu/Zn-SOD活性(P<0.01),降低Ins水平(P<0.01),显著增强LCAT活性(P<0.01)。补充铬能够显著降低采食量(P<0.01),降低肝脏TC,血清TG和TC,增强Cu/Zn-SOD的活性(P<0.05)。铜和铬对日采食量和料蛋比有负互作效应,对降低血清TG存在互作效应。     

COPPER TOXICITY AND ACCUMULATION IN POTTED SEEDLINGS OF THREE APPLE ROOTSTOCK SPECIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SAFE FRUIT PRODUCTION ON COPPER-POLLUTED SOILS

A 190-d pot cultivation of three apple rootstock species, Malus hupehensis, M. prunifolia, and M. micromalus, was conducted to investigate tolerance, uptake and accumulation of copper (Cu) in different rootstock species. The calculated soil Cu concentration that reduced plant biomass by 50% decreased in M. hupehensis, M. prunifolia, and M. micromalus. This experiment showed that Cu tolerance of M. hupehensis was superior to the other rootstocks. Copper accumulation proportions in shoots or leaves of M. hupehensis were only 0.7–7.4%, which were the lowest among the three species in both control and Cu treatments, and especially were as low as only 40–50% of those of M. prunifolia. The results indicate that Cu-tolerant low-aboveground-Cu-accumulation rootstocks (i.e., excluder rootstocks) could be a good alternative to produce safe fruits with low Cu concentration on Cu-polluted soils without a complete ban on Cu fungicides.     

Selective utilization of copper and zinc in three species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae)

The concentrations of the trace elements copper and zinc were determined in field‐collected samples of three ericaceous dwarf shrubs of the genus Vaccinium. The average elemental concentrations were rather regular in the three species. The actual minor element levels of the individual samples showed, however, highly significant interspecific differences in the elemental compositions.

The calculation of the discriminant factor values (i.e. the comparative element ratios for the plant samples and for their substrata) resulted in clear species‐specific patterns in the element utilization. Thus, obvious selectivity was recognized in the uptake of copper and zinc by the three Vaccinium species. Of the species studied, V. myrtillus appeared to be an accumulator of copper in relation to zinc, whereas V. uliginosum showed the most efficient uptake of Zn in relation to Cu, and V. vitis‐idaea showed an intermediate pattern in the minor element utilization.     

Legume cover crops as a nitrogen source for pecan

Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) plus hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), red clover plus white clover, and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) were evaluated as cover crops for pecans. Crimson clover plus hairy vetch supplied the equivalent of 101 to 159 kg nitrogen (N)/ha. Red clover plus white clover supplied up to 132 kg N/ha. Either white clover or red clover alone were less effective in supplying N than when grown together. Soil Kjeldahl‐N was usually not affected or increased using the legumes compared to fertilized bermudagrass sod. Soil nitrate (NO₃) concentrations during October were occasionally higher in unfertilized legume plots than in bermudagrass plots with March‐applied N.